Various dialects in the USA

The dialects within the US are many. There are 3 main dialects and 24 sub-dialects, which make the US culture rich and interesting. These dialects make up a different type of English than the one EFL students learn in their countries, whereas the English language is much more complex than people think. Even the American students are taught that there is only one correct version of English and other dialects are incorrect and less educated. However correctness of the language/dialect depends on the proper usage of the grammatical rules within it and not the popularity of the main dialect. That is why it's worth looking at all of these accents:

General Northern:
(the main dialect in the US, spoken in the 2/3 of the country)
1. Northern Dialects:

• New England, Eastern - this one is partially similar to the English accent used by the early colonisers of this area. Characteristics: R dropped, A is pronounced like AH
• Boston Urban - has its own dialects within the city of Boston (Greater Boston Area, Brahmin, Central City Area)
• New England, Western - less distinctive than others
• Hudson Valley - influences by the Dutch language, has some characteristic words like stoop or teeter-totter. The speakers of this accent use the words crullers or olycooks doughnuts. 
• New York City - completely distinct from other dialects in America, often parodied. R is often dropped after a vowel. Video about the NY dialect: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlILInD-JkM 
• Alaska - influenced by the other Western dialects and also native languages of the Alutes, Innuit and Chinook Jargon (example of Chinook jargon - high muckamuck). Examples of the words that originated in Alaska

• Hawaii - is a part of Polynesian family. The Western settlers arrived in 1778 to Hawaii and influenced with English. However, Hawaii is also a mix of Chinese, Portuguese, Japanese, Spanish and even Korean. There are two types of Hawaii: Non-standard Hawaii (deriving from Pidgin Creole, spoken mostly by teenagers) and Standard Hawaii (a Part of Wester dialects). 

2. Midland:

• Pennsylvania-German English - influenced by Pennsylvania-Dutch, in this dialect sentences such as "Smear your sister with jam on a slice of bread" or "Throw your father out the window his hat" are allowed. 

3. General Southern - The old confederate regions are still culturally different from other areas in the US. Because of agricultural nature of this area, people tended to move less and that's why this dialect has more strict boundaries than Midland or General Northern dialects. One of the characteristics of this region is the pronunciation of OO as YOO e.g. "Ah'm dyoo home at fahv o'clock". Another sub variations of this dialect are: 

• Virginia Piedmont
• Coastal Southern
• Ocracoke
• Gullah 
• Gulf Southe
• Louisiana

I'm also posting the map (found on the one of the websites below) of the various dialects: 

The knowledge I presented here is only a small part of the bigger piece of knowledge, which is available in the following sources: 

http://robertspage.com/dialects.html

http://aschmann.net/AmEng/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOltf7rS-mM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlILInD-JkM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fepgtXjFo7Q

AD